Engine Impact: Normal combustion. Water content is safely within acceptable limits.

Root Cause: Minimal moisture trapped during fuel distribution or condensation.

Engine Impact: Smooth flame front propagation. Full spark timing advance and maximum torque output.

Root Cause: High concentration of branched alkanes and aromatics resisting pre-ignition.

Engine Impact: Perfect atomization and rapid cold starting without line gas locking.

Root Cause: Correct butane-to-gasoline blending ratio for standard ambient temperatures.

Engine Impact: High brake thermal efficiency with moderate manifold pressure and low thermal strain.

Root Cause: Moderate aerodynamic drag allows engine operation in high gear at economic BSFC.